Public Safety free essay sample

Session I: Regional Initiatives on Tourist Safety and Security THE CENTRAL AMERICAN EXPERIENCE PRESENTATION BY Jorge Rojas Vargas, General Director OF THE JUDICIAl investigation ORGANISATION OF Costa Rica AND CHAIRMAN OF THE cOMMISSION OF POLICE CHIEFS AND DIRECTORS OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN [pic] Historical account Creation ? November 1994 as the Association of Police Chiefs of Central America. ? July 1998 the Dominican Republic is incorporated. ? September 23, 2001 no longer referred to as the Association but instead as the Commission of Police Chiefs and Directors of Central America and the Caribbean. At present Comprises the following countries: ? Panama ? Judicial Technical Police ? National Police ? Costa Rica ? Judicial Investigation Organisation ? Police Force (Ministry of Security) ? Nicaragua: National Police ? El Salvador: National Civil Police ? Honduras: Preventive Police of Honduras ? Guatemala: National Civil Police ? Belize: Belize Police Force ? Haiti: National Police ? Dominican Republic: National Police ? Puerto Rico: Puerto Rican Police Observers ? Mexican Federal Agency of Investigations (AFI) ? Preventive Police of Mexico ? BKA of Germany ? AECI Spanish Agency for International Co-operation ? Association of Caribbean Commissioners of Police (ACCP) ? French Police ? Interpol (Sub-headquarters in El Salvador) Overall Objective Strengthen relations among the various Police bodies in Central America and the Caribbean, other police bodies in observer countries and others, for the purpose of pooling efforts in the fight against crime and organised crime both nationally and internationally. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Safety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Specific Objectives ? Ensure the wellbeing of the Police officers that form part of the various police institutions in the Region, providing and promoting co-operation and mutual assistance, particularly in cases of emergency and disasters. Promote the prevention, repression and neutralisation of crime in Central America and the Caribbean in all its aspects, which by its very nature and action, affects the society within the Region. ? Facilitate international technical assistance, training, equipment and the exchange of information. REGIONAL TOURIST SAFETY PLAN FOR CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (HAITI, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND PUERTO RICO) Presentation of Motives Central America including Panama and Belize, covers an area measuring 522,299 square kilometres and has an estimated population of 33 million. Tourism is currently the primary source of foreign exchange revenue in half of those countries (1/3 of the regional GDP). A lack of tourist safety leads to an absence of tourists, particularly international tourists, thereby affecting the economy of a specific country, since it contributes to the elimination of goods or resources for tourists or service providers; the loss of markets for service providers; losses for insurance companies; the loss of jobs for employees of the tourism industry; reductions in State revenue and sometimes the loss of human life. Internationally: Cancellation of contracts between wholesalers and providers; serious warnings on the consular websites of tourist generating countries; the perception of a lack of security that persists even though it has been reversed; high investments to reverse the perception of a lack of security. Today’s tourist demands safety regardless of the variety of destinations visited. If there is no safety analysis conducted in advance, a tourist is likely to refrain from visiting a specific country or place. Therefore, the safety analysis in the tourism sector, from the point of view of the institutions responsible for public safety, must be based on the realities encountered by the tourism industry at the moment a tourist safety plan is being implemented. Background ? First Regional Tourist Safety Congress held in Costa Rica on October 10 to 12, 2006. Experts and representatives of the police bodies of the region. Conclusion reached: â€Å"Tourism has been one of the primary sources of revenue and foreign exchange in the countries of the region, an aspect that warrants the strengthening of capabilities in tourism industry infrastructure and other ervices that would facilitate tourists’ stay, in addition to selling and promoting the region as a tourist destination, creating conditions of public safety that would generate the confidence necessary†. ? 18th Extraordinary Meeting of the Commission in Puerto Rico ? 16th Ordinary Meeting of the Commission in Nicaragua ? 1st Touri st Safety Congress ? 19th Extraordinary Meeting of the Commission in Costa Rica Courses of Action suggested at the Tourist Safety Congress ? Training ? Prevention ? Handling of complaints and following up of serious cases (offences, homicides, others) ? Information and advice for tourists ? Verification of services Purpose By formulating this Regional Plan, the following is pursued: A. Be able to provide the tourist with effective safety. B. Implement police actions that would allow the identification, prevention, repression and investigation of any type of crime against tourists and service operators. C. Consolidate the Tourism Industry so that the region could be perceived as a reliable destination, at both the national and international levels, guaranteeing tourist safety. Overall Objective Strengthen tourist safety within the region, protecting national and foreign tourists, their belongings, tourist routes and tourist destinations, assisting and advising them when emergencies arise, by planning and executing tactics, methods and effective techniques. Specific Objectives According to their region, each participating country must: 1. Reduce the rate of crimes committed against national and foreign tourists (creation of Tourist Police units or divisions). 2. Reduce the crime rate on tourist routes and at tourist sites. . Improve the national and international perception of Tourist Safety in the region. 4. Consolidate the tourist police model with participation from all sectors of the tourism industry of the region. 5. Expand police coverage in the various tourist destinations of its region. 6. Acquire the means, technical equipment and human resources necessary to efficiently carry out the police efforts involved in tourist safety. 7. Continually train the personnel dire ctly involved in tourist safety. Strategic Objectives 1. Periodically exchange experiences among the tourist police of the region through seminars, conferences and workshops. 2. Prepare and obtain a regional budget for the effective functioning of the tourist police, by seeking financing with international agencies and organisations. 3. Implement rapid communication mechanisms between the Tourist Police Divisions of the region and the tourism sector (companies and others). 4. Conduct regional studies to identify the critical areas in tourist destinations, which would guide decision making based on the respective assessments. Regional Policies 1. Tourist safety is recognised as a priority objective that is of both national and international interest and which helps to raise the region’s level of development. 2. Co-responsibility is promoted as well as participation from the private sector and the population in general, in the fight against crime in tourist destinations. 3. Efforts are undertaken to develop and coordinate inter-institutional projects aimed at improving the effectiveness of tourist safety within the region. Courses of Action 1. In the area of training: ? Tourism Culture. Tourism Legislation. ? Police Doctrine and Ethics. ? Human Rights. ? Relations with the community. ? Human Relations and Communication Techniques. ? Foreign Languages. ? Manifestations and Evolution of Organised Crime. ? Safety on Roadways. ? Tourist Safety. ? Gender Policy. ? History and Geography of Central America and the Caribbean. ? Generalities of the free movement of persons and their belongings. ? Care in the event of Natural Disasters. ? Intelligence and Police Investigations. ? First Aid. ? Use of computer equipment and the Internet 2. In the area of prevention: Promote information and dissemination campaigns targeting tourists, in order to provide them with all aspects related to prevention so that they could avoid falling victim to any type of illicit activity; incorporate into said campaigns aspects associated with traffic rules and road signage and include agents in the training. ? Prepare brochures on procedures and preventive guidelines for the tourists who visit the region so as to provide them with information of interest. ? Include in national plans, the allocation of the resources necessary for effective tourist safety in places with a large tourist presence. . Handling of complaints and reports: ? Improve the quality of the service provided when receiving complaints or reports made by Tourists, striving for the interview to be done in a speedy and timely fashion. ? Incorpor ate common variables into the report forms so as to facilitate the exchange of information among police bodies, in addition to which said forms should be in both Spanish and English. ? Coordinate with the judicial authorities in order to give continuity to the following up of the report, complaint or action filed by tourists when they have been victims of a crime. Ensure that the statement of the victim is received as evidence taken in advance, in his/her language and place of lodging. ? In order to provide the tourist with an efficient service when affected by crimes or traffic accidents, the relevant coordination efforts must be carried out with the bodies necessary and prompt procedures established so that the tourist feels satisfied and in cases where he/she has left any country that is participating in this plan, alternatives must be sought with the embassies of origin in order for feedback to be provided. 4. Information, guidance and advice for the tourist: . Implement a touri st support call centre in each Country (only number in the national domain). 2. Establish a common technological platform at strategic points that would facilitate quick and timely access to information of interest, as well as the exchange of such information. 3. Intensify campaigns to disseminate safety conditions within the region. 5. Verification of tourist services ? Boost sanitary surveillance in tourist destinations and the monitoring of food and beverages, especially during peak seasons and at places with greater tourist presence. Verify tourist service and complementary operations regarding the information and safety provided to the tourist. Specific courses of action of the Tourist Police 1. Posting of tourist police officers at all tourist destinations in each participating country. 2. Exchange of information online among the tourist police within the region, via the Internet. 3. Tourism training by police institutions for the social media, for the purpose of reporting con stantly on the positive results achieved in the area of tourist safety. . Immediate feedback provided to the police prevention system and in the area of investigation regarding cases of crimes against tourists. 5. Implementation of a 24 hour telephone number for each Tourist Police department in the Region. 6. Application of the concept of Community Police, by the Tourist Police. 7. Coordinate with each country’s investigating units, the investigation of crimes committed against tourists regardless of the degree of severity of the crime, in addition to the respective follow up of cases. 8. Gathering of information by the tourist police to be transferred to investigators. 9. Protect, assist and advise tourists and ensure the protection of their belongings, which may be jeopardised for any reason. Regional Insurance Programmes 1. Return of items and valuables taken. 2. Payment of accommodation and meals due to a lack of resources. 3. Travel assistance as well as legal, medical and telephone assistance, in addition to assistance in terms of methods of payment (debit card). Technical police instructions 1. Maintain and re-establish as the case may be, order and public safety. . Prevent crimes from being committed and prevent them from yielding further consequences. 3. Apprehend persons by legal order or in cases of flagrant crimes, place them at the disposal of the competent authorities. 4. Ensure compliance with general laws and provisions pertaining to tourist safety, executing the orders received from the competent authorities in their respective countries. 5. Promote c o-responsibility and participation from the population of each country in the fight against crime that affects national and international tourism. General Guidelines 1. The President of the Commission of Police Chiefs and Directors of Central America and the Caribbean is appointed as the individual directly responsible for coordinating and implementing this Regional Plan. 2. The Heads of the Tourist Police Divisions in each country shall include in their NATIONAL TOURIST SAFETY PLAN objectives and policies that would facilitate effective coordination with this plan, independent of the socio-cultural characteristics and particularities of each participating country. 3. There must be synchronisation between national plans and the regional plan, which would allow the region to be offered as a tourist destination that would help to generate sound levels of safety for tourists from outside the region as well as national tourists. 4. In order to periodically evaluate the results of this regional plan, at least two statistical models must be prepared that would compile regional information on the tourists affected or involved in crimes, with said models being linked to particularities of interest such as nationality, location, etc. 5. All participating entities shall ensure the safety of tourists, preventing any attempted crimes against them. 6. Respect for Human Rights shall prevail as well as strict compliance with the laws in force in the Countries of the Region. 7. In order to counteract the reaction of criminals, techniques shall be applied in police operations to record and partially immobilise criminals and suspects. Said techniques are outlined in the manuals on police methodology. 8. The officials responsible for enforcing the law shall not commit acts of corruption and shall be rigorously opposed to all of such acts and shall fight against them. . Any aspect not included in this plan shall be resolved by the Commission of Police Chiefs and Directors of Central America and the Caribbean. General Mission for each country Following the approval of this plan, each participating country, with the human and logistical resources at its disposal, will formulate and execute its respective national plan taking int o account the objectives and courses of action outlined in this plan, as well as the geographic and sociological characteristics and criminal modus operandis. Approval of the plan Was presented and discussed during the 20th Extraordinary Meeting convened in Guatemala, on March 26-29, 2007 and was again submitted for consultation once the changes proposed by each member country of the Commission were incorporated. The plan was duly approved on June 1, 2007. Organisational Structure of several Tourist Police Departments in Central America Guatemala: Honduras: ? Personnel and equipment: [pic] ? Location: [pic] El Salvador: Tourist Police Division Projection of Resources for Tourist Safety | |Currently |Projection Dec. 008 | |Expense Headings |May 2006 | | |Operating Personnel: |92 |99 |740 |830 | |Administrative Personnel: |7 | |90 | | |Transport Equipment (various types) |3 |   |223 | |Staff Training: |99 |   |830 | |Care and Security Centres on Beaches: |0 |10 |10 | |Care and Security Centres on Mountains |1 |9 |9 | |Mobile Tourist Security Posts: |2 |   |26 | |Police Units on Wheels: |0 |18 |18 | |Total Centres, Posts and Security Units |   |63 |63 | | Financial Resources Required to Develop the National Tourism Project of the Millennium, | | |2006 to 2008 (for 3 years). |$11,581,045. 6 | |Annual Average:=====( $3,860,348. 39 | | |Monthly Average:===( $ 321,695. 70 | | |ANNUAL BREAKDOWN OF |2006 |2007 |2008 | |RESOURCES |$3,976,682. 08 |$7,737,811. 48 |$11,581,045. 16 | Costa Rica: ? Organisational Structure [pic] ? Regional Offices: Total: 10 Regional Offices 91 Police Delegations (DELTAS) ? Regionalisation: Plan and execute regular prevention and response strategies and operations, according to regional needs, so as to maintain public order and the safety of inhabitants, their belongings and respect for their fundamental rights and freedoms. [pic] Nicaragua: Proposed Organisational Chart for the Nicaragua Tourist Police [pic] OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF COSTA RICA THE JUDICIARY PILOT PLAN TO REDUCE IMPUNITY IN TOURIST ZONES Procedures Established in the Pilot Plan to reduce impunity in the tourist zones of Costa Rica 1. Unless another more serious crime needs to be handled, the vehicle of the Justice Department assigned to the Office of the Attorney General of Bribri, will be used on weekends to transport the Judge, the Prosecutor and the Public Defence Attorney available, to Puerto Viejo, Cahuita or Manzanillo, as is necessary, to take the report and – in applying the procedure for pre-trial evidence – take the statement of the tourist offended and the tourists appearing as witnesses to the offence, so as to have valid evidence for future debate. 2. CATUR will donate a video camera to the Court of Bribri, for the specific purpose of documenting the pre-trial evidence in cases of crimes against tourists. 3. In Puerto Viejo, Cahuita as well as Manzanillo, the members of CATUR will provide the facilities to carry out the task of obtaining pre-trial evidence, with the privacy and security necessary. 4. CATUR will donate to the Justice Department, a specific amount of gasoline to cover the cost of transporting judicial officials in said conditions on weekends. However, as long as needs can be met with a suitable budget, then those resources will be used. The use of the fuel provided will be adjusted to the regulation issued for that purpose. 5. In order to follow up the advancements made and the results achieved, the authorities involved will issue a report every two months to the Office of the Attorney General, so that the Supreme Court could in turn be notified. San Jose, March 8, 2007. San Carlos Group Uniformed (12) Intelligence (02) Coordinator Intelligence Operations and Analysis Logistics and Liaisons Coordinator Staff and Training Coordination of the Tourist Police Regional Offices Police Force Head Office Head of the Tourist Police Office Tourist Safety Dept. District Tourist Police Tourism Operations Dept. Sub-Office Prevention Area Limon Group Uniformed (12) Intelligence (02) Charotega Group Uniformed (26) Intelligence (02) Punta Arenas Group Uniformed (12) Intelligence (02) San Jose Group Uniformed (12) Intelligence (02) Patrulla de Caminos Group Uniformed (14) Intelligence (02) COVERAGE OF DISETUR-PNC TOURIST POLICE ORGANISATIONAL CHART, HONDURAS Presence of Tourist Safety Delegations 1. JEFATURA 22 ELEMENTS . MOVIL, 24 ELEMENTS 3. ANTIGUA GUATEMALA 40 ELEMENTS 4. SAN VICENTE PACAYA 18 ELEMENTS 5. LANQUIN 15 ELEMENTS 6. PANAJACHEL 36 ELEMENTS 7. CHICHICASTENANGO 17 ELEMENTS 8. MONTERRICO 15 ELEMENTS 9. RIO DULCE 13 ELEMENTS 10. LIVINGSTON 15 ELEMENTS 11 REMATE 33 ELEMENTS 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 1 9 SECRETARIA DE SEGURIDAD SAFETY SECRETARIAT . DIRECCION POL. PREV. . PREVENTIVE POLICE OFFICE SUBDIRECCION POLICIA COMUNITARIA COMMUNITY POLICE SUB-OFFICE TELA TELA LA CEIBA LA CEIBA I. DE LA BAHIA I. DE LA BAHIA S. P. S . S. P. S . DIVISION POLICIA DE TURISMO TOURIST POLICE DIVISION TEGUCIGALPA TEGUCIGALPA COPAN COPAN COMAYAGUA COMAYAGUA

Profile of Richard Wade Farley, Mass Murderer

Profile of Richard Wade Farley, Mass Murderer Richard Wade Farley is a mass murderer responsible for the 1988 murders of seven co-workers at the Electromagnetic Systems Labs (ESL) in Sunnyvale, California. What sparked the murders was his relentless stalking of a co-worker. Richard Farley - Background Richard Wade Farley was born on July 25, 1948, at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas. His father was an aircraft mechanic in the Air Force, and his mother was a homemaker. They had six children, of whom Richard was the eldest. The family frequently moved before settling in Petaluma, California, when Farley was eight years old. According to Farleys mother, there was much love in the house, but the family displayed little outward affection. During his childhood and teen years, Farley was a quiet, well-behaved boy who required little attention from his parents. In high school, he showed an interest in math and chemistry and took his studies seriously. He did not smoke, drink, or use drugs, and entertained himself with playing table tennis and chess, dabbling in photography, and baking. He graduated 61st out of 520 high school students. According to friends and neighbors, other than occasionally roughhousing with his brothers, he was a non-violent, well-mannered and helpful young man. Farley graduated from high school in 1966 and attended Santa Rosa Community College, but dropped out after one year and joined the US Navy where he stayed for ten years. Navy Career Farley graduated first in his class of six at Naval Submarine School but withdrew voluntarily. After finishing basic training, he was trained to be a cryptologic technician - a person who maintains electronic equipment. The information that he was exposed to was highly classified. He qualified for top-secret security clearance. The investigation into qualifying individuals for this level of security clearance was repeated every five years. Electromagnetic Systems Laboratory After his discharge in 1977, Farley purchased a home in San Jose and began working as a software technician at Electromagnetic Systems Laboratory (ESL), a defense contractor in Sunnyvale, California. ESL was involved in the development of strategic signal processing systems and was a major supplier of tactical reconnaissance systems to the US military. Much of the work that Farley was involved in at ESL was described as being vital to the national defense and highly sensitive. In included his work on equipment that enabled the military to determine the location and strength of enemy forces. Up until 1984, Farley received four ESL performance evaluations for this work. He scores were high - 99 percent, 96 percent, 96.5 percent, and 98 percent. Relationship With Fellow Employees Farley was friends with a few of his co-workers, but some found him to be arrogant, egotistical and boring. He liked to brag about his gun collection and his good marksmanship. But others who worked closely with Farley found him to be conscientious about his work and generally a nice guy. However, all of that changed, starting in 1984. Laura Black In the spring of 1984, Farley was introduced to ESL employee Laura Black. She was 22 years old and had been working as an electrical engineer for just under a year. For Farley, it was love at first sight. For Black, it was beginning of a four-year-long nightmare. For the next four years, Farleys attraction to Laura Black turned into a relentless obsession. At first Black would politely decline his invitations, but when he seemed unable to comprehend or accept her saying no to him, she stopped communicating with him as best she could. Farley began writing letters to her, averaging two a week. He left pastries on her desk. He stalked her and cruised by her home repeatedly. He joined an aerobics class on the same day that she joined. His calls became so annoying that Laura changed to an unlisted number. Because of his stalking, Laura moved three times between July 1985 and February 1988, but Farley found her new address each time and obtained a key to one of her homes after stealing it off of her desk at work. Between the fall of 1984 and February 1988, she received approximately 150 to 200 letters from him, including two letters he sent to her parents home in Virginia where she was visiting in December 1984. She had not provided him with her parents address. Some of Blacks coworkers tried to talk to Farley about his harassment of Black, but he reacted either defiantly or by threatening to commit violent acts. In October 1985, Black turned to the human resources department for help. During the first meeting with human resources, Farley agreed to stop sending letters and gifts to Black, following her home and using her work computer, but in December 1985, he was back to his old habits. Human Resources stepped in again in December 1985 and again in January 1986, each time issuing Farley a written warning. Nothing Else to Live For After the January 1986 meeting, Farley confronted Black at the parking lot outside of her apartment. During the conversation, Black said Farley mentioned guns, told her he no longer was going to ask her what to do, but rather tell her what to do. Over that weekend she received a letter from him, stating he would not kill her, but that he had a whole range of options, each getting worse and worse. He warned her that, I do own guns and Im good with them, and asked her not to push him. He continued on that if neither of them yielded, pretty soon I crack under the pressure and run amok destroying everything in my path until the police catch me and kill me. In mid-February 1986, Farley confronted one of the human resource managers and told her that ESL had no right to control his relationships with other individuals. The manager warned Farley that sexual harassment was illegal and that if he did not leave Black alone, his conduct would lead to his termination. Farley told her that if he were terminated from ESL, he would have nothing else to live for, that he had guns and was not afraid to use them, and that he would take people with him. The manager asked him directly if he was saying that he would kill her, to which Farley answered yes, but he would take others, too. Farley continued to stalk Black, and in May 1986, after nine years with ESL, he was fired. Growing Anger and Aggression Being fired seemed to fuel Farleys obsession. For the next 18 months, he continued to stalk Black, and his communications with her became more aggressive and threatening. He also spent time lurking around the ESL parking lot. In the summer of 1986, Farley began dating a woman named Mei Chang, but he continued to harass Black. He was also having financial problems. He lost his home, his car, and his computer and he owed over $20,000 in back taxes. None of this deterred his harassment of Black, and in July 1987, he wrote to her, warning her not to get a restraining order. He wrote, It might not really occur to you how far Im willing to go to upset you if I decide thats what Im forced to do. Letters along this same line continued over the next several months. In November 1987 Farley wrote, You cost me a job, forty thousand dollars in equity taxes I cant pay, and a foreclosure. Yet I still like you. Why do you want to find out how far Ill go? He ended the letter with, I absolutely will not be pushed around, and Im beginning to get tired of being nice. In another letter, he told her that he did not want to kill her because he wanted her to have to live to regret the consequences of not responding to his romantic gestures. In January, Laura found a note from him on her car, with a copy of her apartment key attached. Frightened and fully aware of her vulnerability she decided to seek the help of an attorney. On February 8, 1988, she was granted a temporary restraining order against Richard Farley, which included that he stay 300 yards away from her and not contact her in any way. Revenge The day after Farley received the restraining order he began to plan his revenge. He bought over $2,000 in guns and ammunition. He contacted his lawyer to have Laura removed from his will. He also sent a package to Lauras attorney claiming that he had proof that he and Laura had a secret relationship. The court date for the restraining order was February 17, 1988. On February 16, Farley drove to ESL in a rented motor home. He was dressed in military fatigues with a loaded bandoleer  slung over his shoulders, black leather gloves, and a scarf around his head and earplugs. Before leaving the motor home, he armed himself with a 12-gauge Benelli Riot semi-automatic shotgun, a Ruger M-77 .22-250 rifle with a scope, a Mossberg 12-gauge pump action shotgun, a Sentinel .22 WMR revolver, a Smith Wesson .357 Magnum revolver, a Browning .380 ACP pistol and a Smith Wesson 9mm pistol. He also tucked a knife in his belt, grabbed a smoke bomb and a gasoline container, and then headed to the entrance of ESL. As Farley made his way across the ESL parking lot, he shot and killed his first victim Larry Kane and continued shooting at others who ducked for cover. He entered the building by blasting through the security glass and kept on shooting at the workers and the equipment. He made his way to Laura Blacks office. She attempted to protect herself by locking the door to her office, but he shot through it. He then shot directly at Black. One bullet missed and the other shattered her shoulder, and she fell unconscious. He left her and moved on through the building, going room to room, shooting at those he found hidden under desks or barricaded behind office doors. When the SWAT team arrived, Farley managed to avoid their snipers by staying on the move inside the building. A hostage negotiator was able to make contact with Farley, and the two talked on and off during a five-hour siege. Farley told the negotiator that he had gone to ESL to shoot up equipment and that there were specific people he had in mind. This later contradicted Farleys lawyer who used the defense that Farley had gone there to kill himself in front of Laura Black, not shoot at people. During his conversations with the negotiator, Farley never expressed any remorse for the seven individuals killed and admitted that he did not know any of the victims except for Laura Black. Hunger is what finally ended the mayhem. Farley was hungry and asked for a sandwich. He surrendered in exchange for the sandwich. Seven people were dead and four injured, including Laura Black. Victims Killed: Lawrence J. Kane, 46Wayne Buddy Williams Jr., 23Donald G. Doney, 36Joseph Lawrence Silva, 43Glenda Moritz, 27Ronald Steven Reed, 26Helen Lamparter, 49 Wounded were Laura Black, Gregory Scott, Richard Townsley, and Patty Marcott. Death Penalty Farley was charged with seven counts of capital murder, assault with a deadly weapon, second-degree burglary, and vandalism. During the trial, it became evident that Farley was still in denial about his non-relationship with Black. He also seemed to lack an understanding of the depth of his crime. He told another prisoner, I think they should be lenient since its my first offense. He added that if he did it again, then they should throw the book at him. A jury found him guilty of all charges, and on January 17, 1992, Farley was sentenced to death. On July 2, 2009, the California Supreme Court denied his death penalty appeal. As of 2013, Farley is on death row in San Quentin Prison.

Chinese Namesâ€Choosing a Good Mandarin Name

Chinese Names- Choosing a Good Mandarin Name Students of Mandarin usually adopt a Chinese name. There are a few reasons for this: It provides a glimpse into Chinese cultureIt makes introductions easier when visiting Chinese-speaking countriesIt provides good tonal and pronunciation practice Western names can be transcribed into Chinese, and this is often done for celebrities and politicians. Elizabeth Taylor is known in Chinese-speaking countries as yÄ « là ¬ shÄ  bi ti là ¨ (ä ¼Å Ã¨Å½â€°Ã¨Å½Å½Ã§â„¢ ½Ã¦ ³ °Ã¥â€¹â€™). Choose a Real Name Such a name, however, is not a Chinese name, which usually consists of three characters. Many people from Mainland China use two-character names. There is an art to choosing good names, and many parents consult a fortune-teller to name their newborn child. A good name is expected to pave the way to a successful and prosperous life. Students of Mandarin don’t need to consult a fortune teller. You can ask a Chinese-speaking friend to give you a name, or you can consult a name book or use online and offline tools. Tools for Choosing Mandarin Names Whichever name you choose, it should be fairly easy to write and easy to pronounce. It’s no good if you can’t say your own name! Many of the online resources for picking Chinese names are next to useless. They usually translate a given name and don’t include a surname. But the Mandarin Tools website has a highly recommended tool for choosing a Chinese name. An offline version of this tool is available as part of DimSum Chinese Tools.

Module 4 - SLP THREAT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 4 - SLP THREAT ANALYSIS - Essay Example This follows the fact that terrorism activities are often targeted at specific places and sites, and not general areas. This development has led to curiosity and the need for research on what exactly champions the terrorists’ thinking and planning of their activities. With reference to choice of targets, it is evident that terrorists do not make random choices like those witnessed with freedom fighters or liberation movements. Rislien & Rislien (2010) have observed that, â€Å"†¦one may add the indispensability of ideology, not only because it provides the initial dynamic for the terrorists’ actions, but because it sets out the moral framework within which they operate.† (P. 134). There seems to have been some drastic changes in the terrorists’ targeting policies; traditionally, those terrorists that had political ambitions would target major installation to attract media attention and general loss of life. For this reason, commercial centres were least spared. Currently, various considerations are put into perspective by terrorists; (Dugdale (2005), points out that, â€Å"First, they do a risk analysis† (p. 1). Terroriats make careful considerations of the potential benefits they stand to get from the target; this is often in contrast to the amount of resources and potential for success. In the same way, Rislien & Rislien (2010), explain that, â€Å"Academia thus claims that terrorism is rational and has a clear singleness of purpose† (p. 134), something that underpins the need for an understanding about their target choices and decision. It is this analysis that leads to ear marking of places as â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† targets by the particular terrorist groups. In this analysis, a â€Å"hard† target is that which has considerable security and may make the terrorists be easily intercepted in the course of their actions. On the other hand, a â€Å"soft† target is that which has few security considerations

Unionization of a Parker-Hannifin Corp Research Paper

Unionization of a Parker-Hannifin Corp - Research Paper Example This creates ways that are more sustainable getting materials and people, to places that they want to go. The employees are free to join labor unions. However, the employees and management must agree on collective bargaining. In case of a strike, the workers have to reach to a tentative agreement with the management, like the case in Toronto, where an agreement was reached hours after extending deadline of the strike, on June 23, 2010 (Bennett, 2009). Bennett claims that the company’s spokesman, John Arnone had failed to give an accord details with two workers of the Canadian Auto, who represented 2,700 office and production workers. Other strikes that were solved by unionization and management negotiations were in 2000, where job security and pension negotiations collapsed. Parker-Hannifin is concerned with the manufacture of design, and marketing of systems and components for users and builders of durable goods. On June 30, 1987, Bennett assess that the company had 28,708 em ployees, where only 6.5% (18570 were union members. In this company, there is no collective bargaining between the management and the employees, on issues concerning them. The company’s labor rules and practices are practiced as per the management’s will, without any agreement with the employees. This has really down played the employees welfare, while the company reaps substantial benefits. What are the differences in the bargaining powers of employees between the two companies? And, what are their bargaining items?

Greek civilization Essay Example for Free

Greek civilization Essay Eros is defined as the representation of the Greek god of love, Cupid, intimate and physical love, or sexual desire (Dictionary Website, 2010). Eros had been the one of the most popular themes used in literature and arts, particularly the works from the Renaissance period and the Era of Romanticism. So often was it used as a strong bond between two beings, whether it be a heterosexual or homosexual. It captivated the interests of not only poets but also philosophers from different time periods. Two of the most distinguished icons of Greek civilization had incorporated Eros in their works; Plato in his Symposium and Sappho with her poetry. Both interpretations for Eros clashed with each other. It was quite understandable seeing that both famous figures practiced different arts; Plato with Socratic philosophies while Sappho had her mythological-influenced poetry. Each may have an opposing definition of Eros; however, one could not deny that their Eros also carried risks. This essay would like to discuss what the risks behind varying definitions of Eros are and what the precautions in overcoming the problem are. Plato wrote on his Symposium the past events circling his predecessor, Socrates, and his debates with his followers before his execution. Eros, according to both Plato and Socrates, is a common desire that sought beauty through ideas. Love and wisdom should be treated in the same manner as the hunger for beauty and philosophical curiosity is endless. Eros is above physical intimacy. Sexual intercourse is considered by these philosophers as nothing more but giving in to animalistic instincts, hence considered as being on the same level with dogs and donkeys. Eros produced from rational discourse or exchange of ideas is the ultimate pursuit of beauty (Idea). It appears that Eros for Plato is often one-sided love; reciprocity is not a requirement for attaining it. The desire itself is sufficient for one philosopher. The risk in Plato’s Eros is that there is an imbalance of emotions. It seems that only one party had to do the labor while his significant other could just float away. This seems to contradict with the reciprocity requirement; how could two beings achieved the Ideal Beauty if there was no exchange of discourse? This was also inquired by Hippothales, who shared the same preference with Socrates for beautiful young boys in the Symposium. Socrates berated Hippothales’ spoiling of his ardent desire in the form of the boy Lysis. Quoted from the Symposium, Socrates stated, â€Å"the greater your praise of his beauty and goodness, the more you will seem to have lost and the more you will be ridiculed This is how you should talk to your boyfriends, Hippothales, making them humble and drawing in their sails, instead of swelling them up and spoiling them, as you do† (Reeve, 2007; Mosely, 2005) Sappho’s poetry, on the other hand, defined Eros differently. She considered her poems as a public medium between her and the audience. Gestures, dancing, and music are required on her poetry recital to enchant or persuade the listeners the message she was delivering. In her most noted poem the phainetai moi, Eros is defined as force of power or magic, to the point of describing its strength as godlike. Sappho interpreted Eros through the love shared and bonded by women, quite the irony to Plato’s Symposium. Personal encounter is the focal point in this poem. Sappho measured this encounter with passionate and erotic emotions. Eros is seen as ritualistic, almost pagan. Sappho seemed to celebrate Eros through a communal setting with the oral recital of this poem. Compared to Plato where Eros is seen as the ultimate stage to enlightenment through rational discussion, Sappho is quit more liberal, artistic, and more vocal on displaying the emotions on Eros. Eros is defined as a feeling of what is lacking and always seeking to fill this emptiness. The risk on Sappho’s Eros is that one foot is on reality while the other is on fantasy. Passion alone would not help a man to keep his sanity. This Eros could blind the men’s sight on intellect, similar to how Dionysus made his follower frenzy with lust and inebriated. To prevent of being overwhelmed by this Eros, one must keep his mind working and to think several times before allowing one’s self to be swallowed by emotions. Society’s norms would keep this insanity at bay as the people would rather follow their traditions and laws rather being ostracized (Greene, 1996; West, 2010). References: Reeve, C. D. C. , Plato on Friendship and Eros, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed. ), URL = http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/fall2008/entries/plato-friendship/. WEST, ELEONORA. Eros. May 4 2010 http://www. bookrags. com/research/eros-eorl-04/. Greene, Ellen. Reading Sappho: Contemporary Approaches. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1996 1996. http://ark. cdlib. org/ark:/130130/ft3199n81q

War on Drugs Essay -- Papers Narcotics Drug Society Essays

I. Thesis and Literature Summary In our contemporary society, the media constantly bombards us with horror stories about drugs like crack-cocaine. From them, and probably from no other source, we learn that crack is immediately addictive in every case, we learn that it causes corruption, crazed violence, and almost always leads to death. The government tells us that we are busy fighting a war on drugs and so it gives us various iconic models to despise and detest : we learn to stereotype inner-city minorities as being of drug-infested wastelands and we learn to "witchhunt" drug users within our own communities under the belief that they represent moral sin and pure evil. I believe that these titles and ideals are preposterous and based entirely upon unnecessary and even detrimental ideals promoted by the government to achieve purposes other than those they claim. In Craig Renarman's and Harry Levine's article entitled "The Crack Attack : Politics and Media in America's Latest Drug Scare," the authors attempts to expose and to deal with some of the societal problems that have related from the over-exaggeration of crack-cocaine as an "epidemic problem" in our country. Without detracting attention away from the serious health risks for those few individuals who do use the drug, Renarman and Levine demonstrate how minimally detrimental the current "epidemic" actually is. Early in the article, the authors summarize crack-cocaine's evolutionary history in the U.S. They specifically discuss how the crack-related deaths of two star-athletes fist called wide-spread attention to the problem during the mid-1980's. Since then, the government has reportedly used crack-cocaine as a political scapegoat for many of... ...d substance. Conclusively, we should allow drugs like crack-cocaine receive to their due attention as social problems, but let them receive no more than that !. V. References D'Angelo, Ed. (1994, September). The Moral Culture of Drug Prohibition. Humanist., 54, p. 3. Dorfman, Lori-Wallack, Lawrence. (1993, November). Advertising Health : The Case for Counter-Ads. Public Health Reports., 108, p. 716. Johnson, Bruce-Golub, Andrew et al. (1995, July). Careers in crack, drugs use, drug distribution, and nondrug criminality., Crime & Delinquency, 41, p. 275. Perrine, Daniel. (1994, October 15). The View From Platform Zero : How Holland Handles its Drug Problem. America., 171, p. 9. Renarman, Craig & Levine, Harry G. The Crack Attack : Politics and Media in America's Latest Drug Scare, *From Montclair State Univ. Library